| |
People's Justice Party
The People's Justice Party (Malay: Parti Keadilan Rakyat, often known simply as KeADILan) is a centrist political party in Malaysia formed in 2003 by a merger of the National Justice Party and the older Malaysian People's Party. Keadilan was led by Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail and increased its parliamentary representation from 1 seat to 31 seats in the Malaysian general election, 2008 until the five-year political ban imposed on former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim was lifted on April 14, 2008.
Keadilan promotes an agenda with a strong social justice and anti-corruption emphasis. Recently the party adopted a platform that seeks to abolish the New Economic Policy and replace it with a policy that emphasises on a non-ethnic approach in poverty eradication and correcting economic imbalances.
1999 general elections
The party entered the campaign with many of its key leaders under arrest and as a result saw it winning only five parliamentary seats in the elections despite gaining 11.67% of the total votes cast. The Barisan Alternatif as a whole gained 40.21% of the total votes cast with PAS gaining 27 seats and DAP gaining ten seats.
Merger with Parti Rakyat Malaysia
The post election period saw negotiations between Keadilan and Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) on a possible merger. Despite some opposition in both parties to the move, a 13 point memorandum of Understanding was eventually signed by the two parties on 5 July 2002.
On 3 August 2003, the new merged entity was officially launched and assumed its current name.
2004 general elections
As the new amendments to the party constitution had yet to be approved by the Registrar of Societies, candidates from PRM contested the 2004 General Elections using the symbol of the old National Justice Party.
The party fared poorly in the elections and only managed to defend one parliamentary seat, despite winning 9% of the popular vote. The poor showing was later attributed to malapportionment and gerrymandering in the delineation of constituencies, with one estimate suggesting that on average, a vote for the Barisan Nasional government was worth 28 times the vote of a Keadilan supporter.
Anwar Ibrahim freed
On 2 September 2004, in a decision by the Federal Court, Anwar Ibrahim's sodomy conviction was overturned and he was freed. This unexpected turn of events came timely for Keadilan which was facing flagging morale due to its dismal performance in the elections.
Current developments
In December 2005 Keadilan organised its second national congress. Among the motions passed was the Malaysian Economic Agenda that envisioned a non-racial economic policy to replace the race-based New Economic Policy.
Keadilan managed a breakthrough into Sarawak politics in May 2006. In Sarawak state elections, Dominique Ng, a lawyer and activist, won in the Padungan constituency in Kuching, a majority Chinese locale. Keadilan lost narrowly in Saribas, a Malay-Melanau constituency by just 94 votes. Sarawak is a traditional Barisan Nasional stronghold.
Keadilan has also pursued an aggressive strategy of getting key personalities from within and outside politics. In July 2006, Khalid Ibrahim, former CEO of Permodalan Nasional Berhad and Guthrie (Malaysia), was appointed as Treasurer of the Keadilan and Jeffrey Kitingan, a popular Kadazan politician and brother of Joseph Pairin Kitingan, president of the Barisan Nasional-aligned Parti Bersatu Sabah, have also recently joined the party.
2008 General Elections
In the 2008 elections, Keadilan won 31 seats in Parliament, with DAP and PAS making substantial gains as well with 28 seats and 23 seats respectively.
In total, the taking of 82 seats by the opposition to Barisan Nasional's 140 seats, makes it the best performance in Malaysian history by the opposition, and denies Barisan Nasional the two-thirds majority required to make constitutional changes in the Dewan Rakyat.
Keadilan also successfully contested the state legislative elections which saw the loose coalition of Keadilan, DAP and PAS forming coalition governments in the states of Kelantan, Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor. The offices of the Menteri Besar of Selangor and the Deputy Chief Minister of Penang are held by Keadilan elected representatives, Khalid Ibrahim and Mohd Fairus Khairuddin, respectively.
Pakatan Rakyat
The leaders of PKR, DAP and PAS have proposed to consolidate their cooperation by forming Pakatan Rakyat. Pakatan Rakyat is to be led collectively by the three parties, would uphold the rights and interests of all Malaysians. The state governments of Kelantan, Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor will also be known as Pakatan Rakyat state governments. Together the three parties also won 82 of the 222 parliamentary seats at stake during the recent general elections.
Anwar's return to politics
On April 14, 2008, Anwar celebrated his official return to the political stage, as his ban from public office expires a decade after he was sacked as deputy prime minister. One of the main reasons the opposition seized a third of parliamentary seats and five states in the worst ever showing for the Barisan Nasional coalition that has ruled for half a century, was due to him leading at the helm. A gathering of more than 10,000 supporters greeted Anwar in a rally welcoming back his return to politics. In the midst of the rally, police interrupted Anwar after he had addressed the rally for nearly half an hour and forced him to stop the gathering.
|
| |
Parti Keadilan Rakyat
Parti Keadilan Rakyat (Inggeris: Pepole Juctice Party, atau biasanya dikenali sebagai keADILan) adalah sebuah badan politik yang dibentuk pada tahun 2003 selepas pencantuman antara Parti Keadilan Nasional dan Parti Rakyat Malaysia. Keadilan dipimpin oleh YB Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail dan telah meningkat perwakilannya di parlimen dari satu kerusi kepada 31 kerusi selepas Pilihanraya Umum Ke-12, 2008 sehingga Bekas Timbalan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim terpaksa menghadapi lima tahun larangan berpolitik yang tamat pada 14 April, 2008
Keadilan membawa agenda utama untuk keadilan sosial dan usaha membenteras rasuah. Parti ini sedang berusaha untuk menghapuskan Dasar Ekonomi Baru dengan mengantikan kepada suatu dasar yang membuka peluang kepada pelbagai peringkat yang menghapuskan kemiskinan dan terpinggir tanpa mengira kaum selain mengimbangi ketidak stabilan ekonomi.
Pilihanraya Umum Ke-10, 1999
Parti Keadilan mula menyertai kempen pilihanrayanya semasa kebanyakan pemimpinnya ditahan dan berjaya memenangi lima kerusi parlimen yang mampu menambah 11.67% dari keseluruhan pengundi. Barisan Alternatif keseluruhannya mendapat 40.21% dari keseluruhan undi, apabila PAS berjaya mendapat 27 kerusi manakala DAP 10 kerusi.
Penggabungan dengan Parti Rakyat Malaysia
Pada beberapa pilihanraya yang lalu melihat rundingan KeADILan dan Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) pada pengambungan itu. Dalam melihat penggabungan kedua-dua parti ini dilaksanakan, 13 matlamat dalam Perjanjian Persefahaman telah dimeterai diantara kedua-dua parti ini pada 5 Julai 2002.
Pada 3 Ogos 2003, entiti ini secara resmi telah melancarkan penggabungan dan mengunakan nama sekarangan ini.
Pilihanraya Umum Ke-11, 2004
Selepas pindaan baru ke atas perlembagaan parti, kelulusannya belum mendapat perakuan Pendaftar Pertubuhan (ROS), calon-calon yang bertanding dari PRM dalam tahun 2004 masih menggunakan simbol Parti Keadilan Nasional.
Parti tidak menunjukan keupayaan yang barik dalam pilihanraya tersebut dan hanya bertahan dengan satu kerusi parlimen sahaja ketika itu, yang cuma memenangi 9% dari keseluruhan undi.
Anwar Ibrahim Bebas
Pada 2 September 2004, dalam keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan, apabila mahkamah tertinggi negara ini telah menggugurkan tuduhan liwat ke atas Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim dan kemudiannya membebaskan beliau. Ini keputusan yang tidak dijangka sewaktu KeADILan dilihat hilang arah selepas menghadapi prestasi yang kurang baik dalam pilihanraya sebelum itu.
Perkembangan Semasa
Pada Desember 2005 KeADILan mengatur kongres kebangsaan yang kedua. Dalam usul yang diluluskan adalah Agenda Ekonomi Malaysia kepada sebuah dasar ekonomi bukan berasaskan kaum bagi menggantikan Dasar Ekonomi Baru.
KeADILan berjaya menembusi politik negeri Sarawak pada Mei 2006. Dalam Pilihanraya Negeri Sarawak tersebut seorang peguam dan aktivis masyarakat, Dominique Ng menang di kerusi Padungan, di Kuching yang terdapat sebahagian besar masyarakat kawasan berkenaan adalah kaum China. Keadilan kalah tipis di Saribas hanya 94 undi sahaja, disebahagian kawasan Melayu-Melanau iaitu kawasan yang dianggap kawasan kebal untuk Barisan Nasional di Sarawak.
KeADILan juga turut merancangan dengan strategi yang agrasif mahupun dari dalam dan luar politik. Pada Julai 2006, Khalid Ibrahim, bekas Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Permodalan Nasional Berhad dan Guthrie (Malaysia), telah dilantik sebagai Bendahari KeADILan dan Jeffrey Kitingan, seorang ahli politik Kadazan yang disegani manakala abangnya, Joseph Pairin Kitingan adalah presiden kepada salah satu komponen Barisan Nasional, Parti Bersatu Sabah turut menyertai KeADILan.
Pilihanray Umum Ke-12, 2008
Dalam pilihanraya 2008, KeADILan menang 31 kerusi di Parlimen, bersama DAP dan PAS membentuk suatu pencapaian yang cukup besar masing-masing mendapat 28 kerusi dan 23 kerusi.
Secara keseluruhan, dalam menduduki 82 kerusi pembangkang kepada Barisan Nasional 140 kerusi, menjadikan pencapaian yang terbaik sebagai pembangkang dalam sejarah Malaysia, seterusnya menafikan majoriti 2 per tiga Barisan Nasional untuk meminda apa-apa pindaan perlembagaan di Dewan Rakyat.
KeADILan juga berjaya membentuk kerajaan negeri dalam gabungan bersama KeADILan, DAP dan PAS sebagai kerajaan campuran di negeri Kelantan, Kedah, Penang, Perak dan Selangor. Pejabat Menteri Besar Selangor dan Timbalan Ketua Menteri Pulau Pinang dihuni oleh Ahli-Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri dari KeADILan, terdiri daripada Khalid Ibrahim dan Mohd Fairus Khairuddin.
Pakatan Rakyat
Pemimpin-pemimpin PKR, DAP dan PAS telah membentuk suatu kerjasama yang kukuh dengan membentuk Pakatan Rakyat. Pakatan Rakyat adalah dipimpin secara bersama-sama tiga parti, mempertahankan hak dan kepentingan untuk semua rakyat Malaysia. Kerajaan-kerajaan Kelantan, Kedah, Penang, Perak dan Selangor juga dikenali sebagai Kerajaan Negeri Pakatan Rakyat. Ketiga-tiga parti ini juga memenangi 82 kerusi daripada 222 kerusi parlimen selepas mengharungi pilihanraya umum lalu.
Anwar kembali berpolitik
Pada 14 April, 2008, Anwar secara rasminya kembali ke pesada politik selepas tamat dari diharamkan selama sedekad daripada menjawat apa-apa jawatan selepas beliau dipecat dari jawatan timbalan perdana menteri.Inilah salah satu sebab mengapa pembangkang membesar tiga kali ganda kerusi parlimen dan lima negeri yang dimenangi apabila penampilan buruk gabungan Barisan Nasional selama separuh abad memerintah, kerana percaturan yang dilakukannya.
Himpunan 10,000 penyokong Anwar yang diadakan sekembalinya politik beliau. Ditengah-tengah perhimpunan tersebut, polis telah mengganggu Anwar selepas setengah jam memaksa beliau menghentikan perhimpunan berkenaan.
|
